More digraphs: TH and WH ~ The Linguistics Zone

Friday, March 28, 2008

More digraphs: TH and WH

The TH sound

Continuing on the topic of digraphs, "th" is a example of a digraph that is used very frequently in English. There are two kinds of th sounds in English. What follows will be the IPA symbol used to represent the sound and some example words.



This symbol (called theta) represents the soft "th" sound occurring in words like thin, thigh, with, and breath.



This symbol (called eth) represents the hard "th" sound in words such as then, thy, there, and breathe.

There is no set rule for determining if the soft or hard "th" is used, it must be memorized.

The main difference between these two sounds is that the former is voiceless and the latter is voiced, just like [s] is voiceless and [z] is voiced.

The "th" sound is not at all common in many languages, despite being used very frequently in English. For speakers of languages that do not have the "th" sound, it is often perceived as an [s] or [z].


WH-words

Another common digraph in English is WH. You know many of them as interrogative pronouns, sometimes called the "5W" words (who, what, where, when, why).


WH and HW

Most people see WH-words as taking just a [w] sound and leaving the [h] to be silent. However, did you know that for some dialects of English, the WH digarph is pronounced as if it were spelled "HW"?

This phenomenon is known as the whine/wine merger, as the h in WH words used to always be pronounced as [hw]. It is named as such because those words are no longer homophones after WH was realized with just a [w] sound and not [hw].

Note: for the "5W" words (who, what, where, when, why): this does not apply to the word who since it takes an [h] sound all the time (with the W silent) and not a [w] sound like the other four words.

For those that are using the "HW" sound, the [h] is often hard to notice, you have to listen very carefully as there is an initial, brief burst of air. Speakers that ignore the H in WH words often cannot tell if the other person is pronouncing the H.
Most of the time it is not a true [h] sound (as in the word hill), so a special IPA symbol is used, an upside-down w [ʍ] to represent the [hw].

908 comments:

Anonymous said...

LOL... nice said. I know that but never used it by thinking.

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ujungsenja said...

its useful for learning alphabet (greek). thanks.

Anonymous said...

Wait..wait.. I am getting really confused of the sound of them.

Anonymous said...

I don't know that people use the right way while they talk. At least I don't use them

Anonymous said...

Th is very common letter in my language (albanian) wich is amazing language all letters and sounds u will find in this ancient language.

Anonymous said...

i alaways use 4W+1H to make an observation.
what, when, who, where + how

Anonymous said...

No, in my native language(Russian and Romanian) we don't have the "th" sound, but I got used to it, although, sometimes I still pronounce it as "z".

Anonymous said...

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Anonymous said...

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Anonymous said...

I can relate to that. I taught English to one of my cousins some years ago and discussed about that WH HW thing. I just don't know if he applied it.

Anonymous said...

Hmm.. I didn't know this portion of the digraph. Thanks.

Anonymous said...

I'm impressed. There is so much more to the phonetic side of English than I thought.

Alexander Becket said...

The "th" sound is often interchanged with a "d" sound as well. You hear it often in AAVE and also, interestingly, in English spoken by native Spanish speakers (from Spain).

They often say the "d" sound instead of the "th", even though both the voiced and unvoiced forms of "th" exist in Ceceo Castilian.

Anonymous said...

ohh man all these pronunciations are reminding me of grammar school -_-

Anonymous said...

this just reminds me of how little i know about the english language :O

Anonymous said...

These mistakes are so common that we do but I think general English speaker should not be bothered with it as it belongs to phonetics.

Anonymous said...

They often say the "d" sound instead of the "th", even though both the voiced and unvoiced forms of "th" exist in Ceceo Castilian.When ever I feel that I am understanding some after that I found that I am still in the dark.

Anonymous said...

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Anonymous said...

very useful...thanks

Anonymous said...

thank you! appreciated

Anonymous said...

Th and Wh is one of the most confusing matter for the children.LOL.

Anonymous said...

They are so close that if I try to think my brain stop working. I never give a deep try for understanding this.

Anonymous said...

Really confusing matter.

Anonymous said...

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Anonymous said...

Perhaps all of us know that but can't describe that. You are blessed that you can describe that in words because it is pretty difficult job.

Anonymous said...

Many language use th and wh in different reason. that is why that two alphabet are my most problematic sector to me.

Anonymous said...

Wow.. didn't realize soundings can be so complicated.

Anonymous said...

Yes, different ways of hearing things can come about. Very interesting.

Anonymous said...

In my openion this is confusing matter. I don't know that what matter people are used.

Anonymous said...

intresting, would not have thought about it that way myself.

Anonymous said...

I taught English to one of my cousins some years ago and discussed about that WH HW thing.

Anonymous said...

Ya me too I try to think my brain stop working. I never give a deep try for understanding this.

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Anonymous said...

I hear English is the hardest language to learnf or such reasons!

Anonymous said...

It is confusing. I guess I have to have some practice first and keep the rules in my mind. After a while things will become normal. I shall never need to thing before speaking the words with TH and WH.

Anonymous said...

I also got used to it, although, sometimes I still pronounce it as "z".

Anonymous said...

When ever I feel that I am understanding some after that I found that I am still in the dark.

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I do not know that people use the right way while they talk. At least I don't use them

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This is a reason thats why I don't like English language.It is so tough.

Anonymous said...

How could people still now think about the spelling and the changes of our vocal changes??? I don't think it is that much important for living a normal life.

Anonymous said...

When ever I feel that I am understanding some after that I found that I am still in the dark.

Anonymous said...

Perhaps all of us know that but can't describe that. You are blessed that you can describe that in words because it is pretty difficult job

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Anonymous said...

I'm learning to speak Thai at the moment and they an interesting sound.

b - voiced B
ph - voiced P
p - unvoiced P

the unvoiced P sound, like in "spit" is really hard to say initially. They also have "ng" initially which is equally difficult. :(

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English doesn't have a single letter to represent the initial sound ("ch") of the word child, so it must use two letters. Recognizing a digraph is one of the many difficulties in learning a language. For example, take the "ch" sound as mentioned above. One CANNOT simply read it as "a 'c' sound followed by an 'h' sound" - it is a completely different sound altogether.

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people use the right way while they talk. At least I don't use them

Anonymous said...

I dont use thm but I guess its personal choice

Anonymous said...

I don't think it is that much important for living a normal life.

Anonymous said...

a lot of digraphs are in latin languages

Anonymous said...

There is so much more to the phonetic side of English than I thought.

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Anonymous said...

Wait so it's Th then soft TH. HUH!!

Anonymous said...

We are not familiar with these signs. Is it too much necessary to know about the signs?

Anonymous said...

The "th" is just as it is felt to me from the very childhood to me. This post gives me some new information but didn't change anything much.

Anonymous said...

Don't you wanna give us some other facts of english language? the last post wast long time ago.

Anonymous said...

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Anonymous said...

I just don't know if he applied it.

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Anonymous said...

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Very interesting. Whine should really be spelled hwine shouldn't it now? I am just learning Greek, and it is amazing to me how hard it is to "hear" sounds that we are not used to. Greek has some funny sounds that we don't have in English. The chi sound doesn't bother me because I had German when I was a kid, and its the same as the German ich sound, but the weird French u bothers me.

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These mistakes are so common that we do but I think general English speaker should not be bothered with it as it belongs to phonetics.

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I gotta laugh here! It just reminds me of the problem I had in grade school trying to pronounce this sound and how it got me in a special learning class with candy for rewards when learning to make the "th" sound.
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Anonymous said...

The "th" sound is not at all common in many languages, despite being used very frequently in English. For speakers of languages that do not have the "th" sound, it is often perceived as an [s] or [z].

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Anonymous said...

Is there other example of this digraphs. say ph or ch?

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The TH words in English came from Gothic, Scandinavian, and more recently,Greek.Icelandic actually has two type of TH sounds, the ‘thorn’ þand the ‘edh’ ð.I don’t know how much Icelandic there is in English,but we also have two types of TH sounds – say "think" and "this" to hear the difference. Further down the road,Britain was importing many things from the continent. It seems that when words were imported from Germany and Holland, many ‘D’s were changed to ‘TH’s – e.g. ‘dank’ to ‘thank’ – definitely an improvement, right?

Anonymous said...

WH is within the top 10 consonant pairs.WH was both written and pronounced as HW – say ‘hwat’ – literally.Almost all of the words that are now written as "WH…" were originally written "HW…".This changed when the Normans who conquered England in 1066 AD and redefined the spelling of many words including these HW ones. Finally, a few WH words were initially "W…" words which were aspirated by the addition of an H – such as "whip" from "wippe".

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